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Atal Setu Bridge

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Atal Setu Bridge
Atal Setu Bridge

Atal Setu Bridge

Atal Setu Bridge: भारत के सबसे लंबे समुद्री पुल मुंबई ट्रांस हार्बर लिंक (MTHL) या अटल सेतु का उद्घाटन शुक्रवार को प्रधान मंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी द्वारा किया जाएगा। इस पुल का नाम पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी जी के नाम पर रखा गया है।

समाचार एजेंसी पीटीआई की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 21.8 किलोमीटर लंबे और छह लेन वाले इस पुल का निर्माण ₹18,000 करोड़ की भारी लागत से किया गया है।

शुक्रवार को छह-पथ वाले अटल सेतु का अनावरण करते हुए, राज्य के शीर्ष नेता नरेंद्र मोदी ने कहा: “अटल सेतु की शुरूआत भारत की ढांचागत क्षमता को दर्शाती है और ‘विकसित भारत’ की दिशा में देश की दिशा को उजागर करती है।

इस परियोजना ने लगभग 17,000 मजदूरों और 1,500 इंजीनियरों को रोजगार दिया, जबकि परिवहन और निर्माण उद्योगों में रोजगार के अवसर भी पैदा किए।

यात्रा का समय कम हो गया

पुल ने मुंबई और नवी मुंबई के बीच यात्रा के समय को दो कठिन घंटों से घटाकर केवल बीस मिनट कर दिया है, जो एक महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धि है जो बढ़ी हुई दक्षता और सुविधा का वादा करती है।

मुंबई ट्रांस हार्बर लिंक (एमटीएचएल), जिसे अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी सेवरी न्हावा शेवा अटल सेतु भी कहा जाता है, शनिवार से सार्वजनिक वाहन के लिए खुला रहेगा।

एमटीएचएल, भारत का सबसे लंबा समुद्री पुल है जो 21.8 किमी की दूरी तय करता है, जिसमें से 16.5 किमी समुद्र के ऊपर है, जिससे हर दिन 70,000 से अधिक वाहनों की आवाजाही होने की उम्मीद है।

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24 January 2024 Current Affairs

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24 January 2024 Current Affairs
24 January 2024 Current Affairs

Current Affairs

24 January 2024 Current Affairs: we share daily updated Current Affairs. This topic is an essential part of all government exams. Read this post carefully. All Question Important for exam Like: SSC, Bank, LDC.

Current Affairs 24 January 2024 

Ques 1. Where was the Passerby Anand Utsav celebrated with the efforts of Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav?
Ans. Ujjain

Ques 2. Which Indian airline has achieved the status of 6th largest airline in the world?
Ans. Indigo

Ques 3. Where has Delhi’s first ‘International Kite Festival’ started?
Ans. Bansera

Ques 4. Which state of India is involved in MoU with INOX for green ammonia plant?
Ans. Maharashtra

Ques 5. Who has been appointed by the Aam Aadmi Party as the party leader in Rajya Sabha?
Ans. Raghav Chadha

Ques 6. What percentage of the world’s richest people own 43% of global financial wealth?
Ans. 1%

Ques 7. According to the report, which country’s e-retail market will cross $ 160 billion by 2028?
Ans. India

Ques 8. At which of the following places has the Wings India-2024 program been organised?
Ans. Hyderabad

Ques 9. Where has Haryana State Chief Minister Shri Manohar Lal Khattar announced to develop Science City?
Ans. Faridabad

Ques 10. Where is the second state mining ministers’ conference going to be held?
Ans. Bhopal

Ques 11. ‘Stealth Guided Missile Destroyer INS Imphal’ has been inducted into which army?
Ans. Indian Navy

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Tags: current affairs, current affairs 2023 , current affairs today , current affairs 2024 , vision ias current affairs , drishti ias current affairs , current affairs in hindi , gk today current affairs , adda247 current affairs, 05 October 2023 Daily Current Affairs, Current Affairs Notesplanet.

The Great Wall Of China

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The Great Wall Of China
The Great Wall Of China

The Great Wall Of China

The Great Wall Of China: The Great Wall of China is a world-famous ancient fortification located in northern China. It was built over centuries and stretches across the northern borders of China, aiming to protect the Chinese states and empires from invasions and raids by nomadic groups and military incursions.

Construction and History

The construction of the Great Wall began as early as the 7th century BC during the Warring States period.

Different dynasties and rulers contributed to its construction over the centuries, with major efforts led by the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).

Length and Sections

The total length of the Great Wall, including all its branches and sections, is over 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometers).

The wall is not a continuous structure but rather a series of walls and fortifications built in different historical periods.

Materials and Design

The wall is made of various materials, including earth, wood, bricks, and other local materials, depending on the region and the time of construction.

Watchtowers, garrison stations, and other military structures were integrated into the wall’s design.

Purpose

The primary purpose of the Great Wall was to defend against invasions by nomadic tribes from the north, such as the Mongols and Xiongnu.

It also served as a means of border control, allowing the Chinese authorities to regulate trade and immigration along the Silk Road.

Cultural Significance

The Great Wall has become a symbol of China’s historical strength and endurance.

It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is often considered one of the most impressive architectural and engineering achievements in history.

Tourism

Many sections of the Great Wall are open to tourists, and some of the most popular sections include Badaling, Mutianyu, and Jinshanling.

Visitors can hike along the wall, explore watchtowers, and appreciate the scenic landscapes.

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography
Subhash Chandra Bose Biography

Subhash Chandra Bose Biography

Subhash Chandra Bose Biography: Subhas Chandra Bose was an unmistakable Indian patriot pioneer who assumed a critical part in the nation’s battle for freedom contrary to English rule.

सुभाष चंद्र बोस एक अद्वितीय भारतीय देशभक्त नेता थे, जिन्होंने अंग्रेजी शासन के खिलाफ देश की आजादी की लड़ाई में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।

Early Life: प्रारंभिक जीवन

Born: January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa, British India (present-day Odisha, India).

जन्म: 23 जनवरी, 1897, कटक, उड़ीसा, ब्रिटिश भारत (वर्तमान ओडिशा, भारत) में।

Family Background: Subhas Chandra Bose came from a well-educated and affluent Bengali family. His father, Janakinath Bose, was a prominent lawyer, and his mother, Prabhavati Devi, came from a family of distinguished scholars.

पारिवारिक पृष्ठभूमि: सुभाष चंद्र बोस एक सुशिक्षित और समृद्ध बंगाली परिवार से थे। उनके पिता, जानकीनाथ बोस, एक प्रमुख वकील थे, और उनकी माँ, प्रभावती देवी, प्रतिष्ठित विद्वानों के परिवार से थीं।

Education: शिक्षा

Subhas Chandra Bose studied at Cambridge University in England, where he excelled academically. However, he was deeply influenced by the nationalist movement in India, which motivated him to return to his homeland and participate in the struggle for independence.

सुभाष चंद्र बोस ने इंग्लैंड के कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय में अध्ययन किया, जहां उन्होंने अकादमिक रूप से उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन किया। हालाँकि, वह भारत में राष्ट्रवादी आंदोलन से गहराई से प्रभावित थे, जिसने उन्हें अपनी मातृभूमि में लौटने और स्वतंत्रता के संघर्ष में भाग लेने के लिए प्रेरित किया।

Subhash Chandra Bose

Entry into Politics: राजनीति में प्रवेश

Bose joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in the early 1920s and quickly rose through the ranks due to his dedication and leadership qualities.

बोस 1920 के दशक की शुरुआत में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस (आईएनसी) में शामिल हुए और अपने समर्पण और नेतृत्व गुणों के कारण तेजी से कांग्रेस में आगे बढ़े।

He served as the Mayor of Calcutta (now Kolkata) from 1930 to 1931.

उन्होंने 1930 से 1931 तक कलकत्ता (अब कोलकाता) के मेयर के रूप में कार्य किया।

Differences with Gandhi and Congress: गांधी और कांग्रेस से मतभेद

Despite his initial association with the INC, Bose had ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent approach.

कांग्रेस के साथ अपने शुरुआती जुड़ाव के बावजूद, बोस के महात्मा गांधी के अहिंसक दृष्टिकोण से वैचारिक मतभेद थे।

He believed in taking more radical measures to achieve independence and thus resigned from the INC in 1939.

वह स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त करने के लिए और अधिक कट्टरपंथी कदम उठाने में विश्वास करते थे और इस प्रकार 1939 में कांग्रेस से इस्तीफा दे दिया।

Formation of the Forward Bloc: फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक का गठन

Bose then founded the Forward Bloc in 1939, a political group advocating a more aggressive approach toward attaining independence.

इसके बाद बोस ने 1939 में फॉरवर्ड ब्लॉक की स्थापना की, जो एक राजनीतिक समूह था जो स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त करने की दिशा में अधिक आक्रामक दृष्टिकोण की वकालत करता था।

He sought help from Axis powers during World War II to overthrow British rule in India.

उन्होंने द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन को उखाड़ फेंकने के लिए धुरी राष्ट्रों से मदद मांगी।

Subhash Chandra Bose Biography

INA and Subhas Chandra Bose’s Role in World War II: द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध में आईएनए और सुभाष चंद्र बोस की भूमिका

Bose sought support from Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan to raise an army to fight against the British.

बोस ने अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ लड़ने के लिए सेना जुटाने के लिए नाजी जर्मनी और इंपीरियल जापान से समर्थन मांगा।

The Indian National Army (INA) was formed with the support of the Axis powers, and Bose assumed leadership, with the famous slogan “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom.”

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय सेना (आईएनए) का गठन धुरी शक्तियों के समर्थन से किया गया था, और बोस ने प्रसिद्ध नारे “मुझे खून दो, और मैं तुम्हें आजादी दूंगा” के साथ नेतृत्व ग्रहण किया।

Death and Legacy: मृत्यु और विरासत

Subhas Chandra Bose’s fate remains a subject of mystery. He died in a plane crash on 18 August 1945, in Taipei, Taiwan.

सुभाष चंद्र बोस का भाग्य रहस्य का विषय बना हुआ है। 18 अगस्त 1945 को ताइपेई, ताइवान में एक विमान दुर्घटना में उनकी मृत्यु हो गई।

While the official version is that he died due to injuries sustained in the crash, there have been various conspiracy theories suggesting otherwise.

जबकि आधिकारिक संस्करण यह है कि दुर्घटना में लगी चोटों के कारण उनकी मृत्यु हो गई, विभिन्न षड्यंत्र सिद्धांत अन्यथा सुझाव दे रहे हैं।

Subhash Chandra Bose Biography In Hindi

Bose’s contributions to India’s struggle for independence, especially his role in forming the INA, have made him a revered figure in Indian history.

भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में बोस के योगदान, विशेष रूप से आईएनए के गठन में उनकी भूमिका ने उन्हें भारतीय इतिहास में एक प्रतिष्ठित व्यक्ति बना दिया है।

He is often referred to as “Netaji” (meaning “Respected Leader” in Hindi) by the Indian people.

भारतीय लोगों द्वारा उन्हें अक्सर “नेताजी” (हिंदी में “सम्मानित नेता”) कहा जाता है।

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Spices Board Recruitment 2024

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Spices Board Recruitment 2024
Spices Board Recruitment 2024

Spices Board Recruitment 2024

Spices Board Recruitment 2024: Spices Board India Recruitment 2024 announce the post of Spices Extension Trainees.  Some essential points are defined below, giving you complete information about this exam. Read All Details Carefully.

Important Dates:-

  • Date Of Starting: 20 January 2024
  • Date Of End: 02 February 2024

Total Vacancies:-

  • 29 Vacancies

Spices Board Vacancies 2024: Selection Process

  • Written Exam
  • Skill Test
  • Check official Notification

Age Limit:-

  • Maximum Age Limit: 35 Years

Pay Scale:-

  • Pay Salary: Rs. 20,000/- Per Month

Qualification:-

  • B.Sc. in (Agriculture/ Horticulture)
  • B.Sc. in (Zoology/ Botany/ Biotechnology/ Forestry/ Microbiology)
  • Check Official Notification

Application Fee:-

  • No Application Fees

Job Location: 

  • Across India

Require Document:-

  • Passport Size Photo
  • Signature
  • All Degrees
  • Identity Document= Aadhar Card, Pan Card

Official Website: Spices

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Tags: Spices board recruitment 2024 official website, Spices board recruitment 2024 last date, Spices board recruitment 2024 apply online, Indian spices board recruitment 2024, Spices board recruitment 2024 karnataka, spices board official website, spices board recruitment 2024 notification, spices board ernakulam job vacancies.

Bill Gates Biography

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Bill Gates Biography
Bill Gates Biography

Bill Gates Biography

Bill Gates Biography: Bill Gates, born William Henry Gates III on October 28, 1955, is an American business magnate, software developer, and philanthropist. He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation, one of the world’s largest and most successful technology companies.

बिल गेट्स, जिनका जन्म 28 अक्टूबर 1955 को विलियम हेनरी गेट्स III के रूप में हुआ, एक अमेरिकी बिजनेस मैग्नेट, सॉफ्टवेयर डेवलपर और परोपकारी हैं। उन्हें दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी और सबसे सफल प्रौद्योगिकी कंपनियों में से एक, माइक्रोसॉफ्ट कॉर्पोरेशन के सह-संस्थापक के रूप में जाना जाता है।

Early Life: प्रारंभिक जीवन

Bill Gates is the son of William H. Gates Sr. and Mary Maxwell and he was born in Seattle, Washington.

बिल गेट्स विलियम एच. गेट्स सीनियर और मैरी मैक्सवेल के बेटे हैं और उनका जन्म सिएटल, वाशिंगटन में हुआ था।

He showed an early interest in computers programming. Gates attended Lakeside School, a private preparatory school, where he met Paul Allen, who would later become his business partner.

उन्होंने कंप्यूटर प्रोग्रामिंग में शुरुआती रुचि दिखाई। गेट्स ने लेकसाइड स्कूल, एक निजी तैयारी स्कूल में दाखिला लिया, जहां उनकी मुलाकात पॉल एलन से हुई, जो बाद में उनके बिजनेस पार्टनर बने।

Founding Microsoft: माइक्रोसॉफ्ट के संस्थापक

Gates and Allen founded Microsoft in 1975 with the goal of creating software for the emerging personal computer market.

गेट्स और एलन ने उभरते पर्सनल कंप्यूटर बाजार के लिए सॉफ्टवेयर बनाने के लक्ष्य के साथ 1975 में माइक्रोसॉफ्ट की स्थापना की।

Their first major success came in 1980 when they signed a deal with IBM to provide an operating system for their first personal computer.

उन्हें पहली बड़ी सफलता 1980 में मिली जब उन्होंने अपने पहले पर्सनल कंप्यूटर के लिए एक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम प्रदान करने के लिए आईबीएम के साथ एक समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए।

Microsoft’s MS-DOS became the foundation for the company’s success and established Gates as a key figure in the technology industry.

माइक्रोसॉफ्ट का MS-DOS कंपनी की सफलता की नींव बन गया और गेट्स को प्रौद्योगिकी उद्योग में एक प्रमुख व्यक्ति के रूप में स्थापित किया।

Windows: विंडोज़

In 1985, Microsoft released Windows, an operating system with a graphical user interface, which became a dominant platform for personal computers.

1985 में, माइक्रोसॉफ्ट ने ग्राफिकल यूजर इंटरफेस वाला एक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम विंडोज जारी किया, जो पर्सनल कंप्यूटर के लिए एक प्रमुख मंच बन गया।

Microsoft’s aggressive business strategies and product innovations helped the company establish a near-monopoly in the computer software market.

माइक्रोसॉफ्ट की आक्रामक व्यावसायिक रणनीतियों और उत्पाद नवाचारों ने कंपनी को कंप्यूटर सॉफ्टवेयर बाजार में लगभग एकाधिकार स्थापित करने में मदद की।

Philanthropy: लोकोपकार

In 2000, Gates stepped down as CEO of Microsoft but remained actively involved in the company’s management. He gradually shifted his focus to philanthropy.

2000 में, गेट्स ने माइक्रोसॉफ्ट के सीईओ का पद छोड़ दिया लेकिन कंपनी के प्रबंधन में सक्रिय रूप से शामिल रहे। उन्होंने धीरे-धीरे अपना ध्यान परोपकार की ओर केंद्रित कर दिया।

In 2000, he and his then-wife Melinda Gates founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, one of the world’s largest private charitable foundations. The foundation works on global health, education, and poverty alleviation.

2000 में, उन्होंने और उनकी तत्कालीन पत्नी मेलिंडा गेट्स ने बिल एंड मेलिंडा गेट्स फाउंडेशन की स्थापना की, जो दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी निजी धर्मार्थ फाउंडेशनों में से एक है। फाउंडेशन वैश्विक स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा और गरीबी उन्मूलन पर काम करता है।

Personal Life: व्यक्तिगत जीवन

Gates wedded Melinda French in 1994, and they have three kids. In May 2021, the couple announced their divorcement.

गेट्स ने 1994 में मेलिंडा फ्रेंच से शादी की और उनके तीन बच्चे हैं। मई 2021 में, जोड़े ने अपने तलाक की घोषणा की।

Bill Gates is widely recognized not only for his contributions to the technology industry but also for his philanthropic efforts aimed at addressing global challenges and improving people’s lives around the world.

बिल गेट्स को न केवल प्रौद्योगिकी उद्योग में उनके योगदान के लिए बल्कि वैश्विक चुनौतियों का समाधान करने और दुनिया भर में लोगों के जीवन में सुधार लाने के उद्देश्य से किए गए उनके परोपकारी प्रयासों के लिए भी व्यापक रूप से मान्यता प्राप्त है।

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23 January 2024 Current Affairs

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23 January 2024 Current Affairs
23 January 2024 Current Affairs

Current Affairs

23 January 2024 Current Affairs: we share daily updated Current Affairs. This topic is an essential part of all government exams. Read this post carefully. All Question Important for exam Like: SSC, Bank, LDC.

Current Affairs 23 January 2024 

Ques 1. Which has become the second state in India to start ‘Caste Census’?
Ans. Andhra Pradesh

Ques 2. In which district is the first traffic park of Uttar Pradesh being built?
Ans. Prayagraj

Ques 3. When is the foundation day of Tripura, Manipur and Meghalaya celebrated?
Ans. 21 January

Ques 4. Which is the second state to start caste census?
Ans. Andhra Pradesh

Ques 5. ‘Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project’ has been agreed between Rajasthan and which state?
Ans. Madhya Pradesh

Ques 6. 11th ‘North Eastern Space Applications Center’ (NESAC) meeting has started?
Ans. Shillong

Ques 7. Which of the following has become the most valuable company among the Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) in India?
Ans. LIC

Ques 8. Where is India International Festival organized?
Ans. Haryana

Ques 9. Who translated the Tamil novel “Conversation with Aurangzeb” into English?
Ans. Nandini Krishna

Ques 10. When was ‘National Energy Conservation Day’ celebrated?
Ans. 14th December

Ques 11. Who has been appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of ‘PepsiCo India’?
Ans. Jagrut Kotja

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Tags: current affairs, current affairs 2023 , current affairs today , current affairs 2024 , vision ias current affairs , drishti ias current affairs , current affairs in hindi , gk today current affairs , adda247 current affairs, 05 October 2023 Daily Current Affairs, Current Affairs Notesplanet.

RPSC Assistant Statistical Officer Recruitment 2024

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RPSC Assistant Statistical Officer Recruitment 2024
RPSC Assistant Statistical Officer Recruitment 2024

RPSC Assistant Statistical Officer Recruitment 2024

RPSC Assistant Statistical Officer Recruitment 2024: Rajasthan Public Service commission Recruitment 2024 announce the post of Assistant Statistical Officer.  Some essential points are defined below, giving you complete information about this exam. Read All Details Carefully.

Important Dates:-

  • Date Of Starting: 25 January 2024
  • Date Of End: 24 February 2024

Total Vacancies:-

  • 10 Vacancies

Rajasthan Public Service commission Recruitment Vacancies 2024: Selection Process

  • Written Exam
  • Interview
  • Check official Notification

Age Limit:-

  • Minimum Age Limit: 18 Years
  • Maximum Age Limit: 40 Years

Pay Scale:-

  • Pay Salary: Pay Level -11

Qualification:-

  • Post Graduate (Statistical, Mathematics)
  • M.Sc. in Agriculture
  • Working Knowledge of (Hindi Written, Rajasthani Culture)
  • Check Official Notification

Application Fee:-

  • For General / EBC-CL Candidate – Rs. 600/-
  • For ST / SC / EWS / EBC-NCL Candidate – Rs. 400/-

Job Location: 

  • Rajasthan

Require Document:-

  • Passport Size Photo
  • Signature
  • All Degrees
  • Identity Document= Aadhar Card, Pan Card

Official Website: RPSC

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19 January 2024 Current Affairs

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19 January 2024 Current Affairs
19 January 2024 Current Affairs

Current Affairs

19 January 2024 Current Affairs: we share daily updated Current Affairs. This topic is an essential part of all government exams. Read this post carefully. All Question Important for exam Like: SSC, Bank, LDC.

Current Affairs 19 January 2024 

Ques 1. ‘Bernardo Arévalo’ has become the new President of which country?
Ans. Guatemala

Ques 2. REC won ICAI Awards for which year?
Ans. 2022-23

Ques 3. Which Indian firm has become the first company to receive ISO 27001:2022 certification?
Ans. Haldia Petrochemicals

Ques 4. In which category has Madhya Pradesh received the award in the State Startup Ranking Framework-2022?
Ans. State Leader

Ques 5. Who has become the first male player to play 150 matches in ‘T20 International’?
Ans. Rohit Sharma

Ques 6. Ayodhya’s new airport has been named after which sage?
Ans. Maharishi Valmiki

Ques 7. Where has the Indian Air Force started ‘Operation Sarvshakti’?
Ans. Jammu and Kashmir

Ques 8. Which bank partnered with VFin to launch SmartFin for digital transactions?
Ans. Yes Bank

Ques 9. Who has been appointed Additional Commissioner of Madhya Pradesh Tribal Research and Development Institute?
Ans. Laxman Singh Markam

Ques 10. Which state government has started its school programme?
Ans. Himachal Pradesh

Ques 11. In which state iPhone maker Foxconn will invest 1.67 billion dollars?
Ans. Karnataka

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Republic Day 2024

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Republic Day 2024
Republic Day 2024

Republic Day 2024

Republic Day 2024: गणतंत्र दिवस हर साल 26 जनवरी को मनाया जाने वाला एक राष्ट्रीय अवकाश है। यह दिन 1950 में भारतीय संविधान को अपनाने की याद दिलाता है। यह दिन राजधानी नई दिल्ली में एक भव्य परेड द्वारा मनाया जाता है, जिसमें भारत की सांस्कृतिक और सैन्य विरासत का प्रदर्शन किया जाता है और देश की प्रगति और उपलब्धियों का प्रदर्शन किया जाता है।

विजय चौक से शुरू होकर राजपथ के माध्यम से नेशनल स्टेडियम, दिल्ली में समाप्त होने वाली क्षेत्रीय झांकियों के साथ उत्साहपूर्ण खुशी और देशभक्ति को देखने के लिए पूरे देश से लोग इकट्ठा होते हैं।

2024 में, 75वीं गणतंत्र दिवस परेड 26 जनवरी को होने वाली है, जिसमें मुख्य अतिथि के रूप में फ्रांसीसी राष्ट्रपति इमैनुएल मैक्रॉन की यात्रा होगी।

List Of All Chief Guests at the republic day (1950-2024)

S.No. Year Name Country
1. 1950 President Sukarno Indonesia
2. 1951 King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah  Nepal
3. 1954 King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck Bhutan
4. 1955 Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad Pakistan
5. 1956 Chancellor of the Exchequer R. A. Butler United Kingdom
6. 1957 Minister of Defence Georgy Zhukov  Soviet Union
7. 1958 Marshall Ye Jianying China
8. 1959 Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip  United Kingdom
9. 1960 President Kliment Voroshilov USSR
10. 1961 Queen Elizabeth II United Kingdom
11. 1962 Prime Minister Viggo Kampmann  Denmark
12. 1963 King Norodom Sihanouk Cambodia
13. 1964 Chief of Defence Staff Lord Louis Mountbatten  United Kingdom
14. 1965 Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid Pakistan
15. 1967 King Mohammed Zahir Shah  Afghanistan
16. 1968 Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin USSR
17. 1969 Prime Minister of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov Bulgaria
18. 1970 King of the Belgians Baudouin  Belgium
19. 1971 President Julius Nyerere Tanzania
20. 1972 Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Mauritius
21. 1973 President Mobutu Sese Seko Zaire
22. 1974 Prime Minister Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike Sri Lanka
23. 1975 President Kenneth Kaunda Zambia
24. 1976 Prime Minister Jacques Chirac France
25. 1977 First Secretary Edward Gierek Poland
26. 1978 President Patrick Hillery Ireland
27. 1979 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser Australia
28. 1980 President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing France
29. 1981 President José López Portillo Mexico

30.

1982

King Juan Carlos I

Spain

31. 1983 President Shehu Shagari Nigeria
32. 1984 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck Bhutan
33. 1985 President Raúl Alfonsín Argentina
34. 1986 Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou Greece
35. 1987 President Alan García Peru
36. 1988 President Junius Jayewardene Sri Lanka
37. 1989 General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh Viet Nam
38. 1990 Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth Mauritius
39. 1991 President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom Maldives
40. 1992 President Mário Soares Portugal
41. 1993 Prime Minister John Major United Kingdom
42. 1994 Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong Singapore
43. 1995 President Nelson Mandela South Africa
44. 1996 President Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso Brazil
45. 1997 Prime Minister Basdeo Panday Trinidad and Tobago
46. 1998 President Jacques Chirac France
47. 1999 King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev Nepal
48. 2000 President Olusegun Obasanjo Nigeria
49. 2001 President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Algeria
50. 2002 President Cassam Uteem Mauritius
51. 2003 President Mohammed Khatami Iran
52. 2004 President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Brazil
53. 2005 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck Bhutan
54. 2006 King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud[ Saudi Arabia
55. 2007 President Vladimir Putin Russia
56. 2008 President Nicolas Sarkozy France
57. 2009 President Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan
58. 2010 President Lee Myung Bak Republic of Korea
59. 2011 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Indonesia
60. 2012 Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra Thailand
61. 2013 King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Bhutan
62. 2014 Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Japan
63. 2015 President Barack Obama United States
64. 2016 President François Hollande France
65. 2017 Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed United Arab Emirates
66. 2018 Joko Widodo Indonesia
67. 2019 President Cyril Ramaphosa South Africa
68. 2020 President Jair Bolsonaro Brazil
69. 2021 Prime Minister Boris Johnson (cancelled his visit) United Kingdom
70. 2023 President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi Egypt
71. 2024 President Emmanuel Macron France

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